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Gravure printing is a process of coating the entire printing plate surface with ink, and then using a special ink scraping mechanism to remove the ink in the blank part, so that the ink is only left in the mesh holes of the graphic and text part, and then under the action of greater pressure, the ink is transferred to the surface of the substrate to obtain the printed matter.
Gravure printing belongs to direct printing. The graphic and text part of the printing plate is concave, and the degree of concavity varies with the level of the image. The blank part of the printing plate is convex and on the same plane.

Gravure printing, also known as intaglio printing, is one of the four major printing methods. Gravure printing is a direct printing method that presses the ink contained in the concave pits of the intaglio plate directly onto the substrate.
The shade levels of the printed image are determined by the size and depth of the concave pits. If the concave pits are deeper, they contain more ink, and the ink layer left on the substrate after printing will be thicker. Conversely, if the concave pits are shallower, they contain less ink, and the ink layer left on the substrate after printing will be thinner.

In 1452, Italian goldsmith M. Finiguira carved intaglio plates. Initially, all the carving was done by hand, but later there was chemical etching. In modern times, mechanical carving has been used as much as possible. The layout is composed of dots and lines of different depths and thicknesses.

In the late 19th century, the Bohemian painter K. Klick used the achievements of his predecessors in photography, carbon paper printing, and other techniques to invent gravure printing and the use of a scraper for gravure printing.

In the mid-20th century, there began to be gravure electronic engraving machines, which used scanning heads and computer-controlled diamond cutting knives to carve ink holes in the shape of an inverted pyramid on a drum, with variations in size and depth

Types of gravure printing ink

Substrate for gravure printing